1. 下载Dashboard 部署文件

#创建存放目录
mkdir dashboard
cd dashboard/
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

2. 修改yaml配置文件

修改kubernetes-dashboard的service，使用NodePort方式暴露端口。

vi recommended.yaml
#################修改内容#######################
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  type: NodePort          #添加这一行，注意缩进对齐
  #################修改内容#######################

3. 应用安装，查看pod和svc

#安装
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
#查看pod和svc
kubectl get pod,svc -o wide -n kubernetes-dashboard
#######################显示内容##################################
NAME                                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE   IP       NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-5cb4f4bb9c-mg569   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9s    <none>   node1   <none>           <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-6967859bff-2968p        0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9s    <none>   node1   <none>           <none>

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTOR
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.100.129.191   <none>        8000/TCP        9s    k8s-app=dashboard-metrics-scraper
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.106.130.53    <none>        443:31283/TCP   9s    k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
#####################显示内容###################################

使用所查看service所提供的端口访问Dashboard，此次部署的访问链接为https://192.168.3.101:31283/

4. 创建dashboard服务账户

#创建一个admin-user的服务账户并与集群绑定
vi dashboard-adminuser.yaml
##################内容####################
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    ##################内容####################
  ---
   #执行生效
  kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

5. 创建admin-user用户的登录密钥

vi admin-user-token.yaml
##################内容####################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "admin-user"
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
  ##################内容####################
   #执行生效
  kubectl apply -f admin-user-token.yaml

6. 登录

6.1 使用token登录

获取登录token,并将token输入dashboard登录界面，进行登录，登录后的界面如下图

(1) 短期token

#获取token
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
#建议新建一个admin-user.token文件，将其保存

(2) token长期有效

kubectl get secret admin-user -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath={".data.token"} | base64 -d

6.2 使用 Kubeconfig 文件登录

 #定义 token 变量
 DASH_TOCKEN=$(kubectl get secret admin-user -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath={".data.token"} | base64 -d)
 #设置 kubeconfig 集群条目
 kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --server=10.10.3.101:6433 --kubeconfig=/root/dashbord-admin.conf
 #设置 kubeconfig 用户条目
 kubectl config set-credentials admin-user --token=$DASH_TOCKEN --kubeconfig=/root/dashbord-admin.conf
 #设置 kubeconfig 上下文条目
 kubectl config set-context admin-user@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin-user --kubeconfig=/root/dashbord-admin.conf
 #设置 kubeconfig 当前上下文
 kubectl config use-context admin-user@kubernetes  --kubeconfig=/root/dashbord-admin.conf

将生成的dashbord-admin.conf文件放到本地主机上，登录时选择Kubeconfig选项，选择 kubeconfig 文件登录即可。

---

登录Dashboard 后，若存在cpu使用率和内存使用率等监控指标不显示的情况，需安装metrics-server。

7.安装metrics-server

下载部署文件

wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml -O metrics-server-components.yaml

修改yaml文件中的Deployment内容

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls  #添加
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.4 #修改
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

  #执行生效
  kubectl apply -f admin-user-token.yaml

查看metrics-server的pod状态

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces | grep metrics

等待一些时间，查看查看各类监控图像已成功显示。